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發表於 2006-6-4 19:07:24
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Quote:
Originally posted by 鐵頭功 at 2006-6-4 02:52 AM:
想問下如果阿扁不同情況的下台會點?例如佢辭職是否要提早總統大選??如果他的內閣被倒又會點?如果彈劾和罷免,是否都是重選??同埋唔係好明立法會重選選區又有未劃好的問題,可唔可以講多少少?
假如辭職,呂婆上台。
假如罷免,也是呂婆上台。除非連副總統一起罷免。
所以都不用提早總統大選。
彈劾和罷免的分別,罷免是一種通稱,是人民對政府的一種權力,罷免權施行於總統身上,程序上叫彈劾。但意義上,罷免可入政治性倒台,彈劾是具體瀆職,鬆的叫違憲----這一條好難入。重的有叛國罪等,所以都入领導權烕不被信任性質的罷免案。如上述,不用重選。
注:前此錯誤解釋彈劾和罷免的分別,現己修正。(馬英九都搞錯,我錯就不奇)
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罷免
罷免是指選民免去一位曾經當選的官員的職務的投票表決過程。同創製權和複決權一樣,罷免是19世紀末20世紀初,美國進步運動提倡的一種主要的選舉改革。這個運動不是很成功,因為今天美國的聯邦政府以及50個州里的32個州已經禁止了罷免選舉。
↑ In the eighteen U.S. states that today allow the recall of state officials, only two Governors have ever been successfully recalled. In 1921, North Dakota's Lynn J. Frazier was recalled over a dispute about state-owned industries, and in 2003, California Governor Gray Davis was recalled over mismanagement of the state budget.
The movement in California was spearheaded by then-Governor Hiram Johnson as a "precautionary measure by which a recalcitrant official can be removed". It was instituted as a way for the populace to fight back against political corruption and the powerful railroads and banks, which had enormous influence on state governments.
Until Gray Davis' recall in October 2003, no California statewide official had ever been recalled, though there were 117 previous attempts. Only seven of those attempts even made it onto the ballot, all for state legislators. In California, every Governor since Ronald Reagan in 1968 has been subject to a recall effort, but none until Gray Davis, the 37th Governor of California, had to face a special recall election. In 2003, several million citizens petitioned the government for a gubernatorial recall election. Davis pointed the paradox that, if he was recalled, any candidate with a plurality vote could win the election, but he needed a majority of 50% plus one vote to stay in charge.
彈劾
按照一些國家的憲法的規定,立法機構在特殊情況下可以不經行政機構同意就可以取消政府的行政職能,彈劾是這樣的行動中的第一個階段。
彈劾通常很少見,這讓人們對它有些誤解,比如把它和自動去職相混淆。彈劾實際上只是法律上的指控,相當於刑法中的起訴。被彈劾的政府官員面臨著立法機構接下來的投票表決(可以由不是提起彈劾的另一個立法機構主持),來決定是否對彈劾的的指控定罪。大多數國家的憲法要求投票結果是壓倒性多數才可定罪。
彈劾的一個起源是英格蘭和威爾士的法律,最近的一次彈劾發生在1806年。世界上很多擁有憲法的國家可以進行彈劾,比如美國、巴西、俄國、菲律賓、愛爾蘭等國家。
彈劾的英文來自拉丁語,是被捉住的意思。The word "impeachment" has analogues in the modern French verb empêcher (to prevent) and the modern English impede. Medieval popular etymology also associated it (wrongly) with derivations from the Latin impetere (to attack). (In its more frequent and more technical usage, impeachment of a person in the role of a witness is the act challenging the honesty or credibility of that person.)
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